Triggers and Order of Execution

When you save a record with an insert, update, or upsert statement, Salesforce performs the following events in order.

Note

Before Salesforce executes these events on the server, the browser runs JavaScript validation if the record contains any dependent picklist fields. The validation limits each dependent picklist field to its available values. No other validation occurs on the client side.

On the server, Salesforce:

Loads the original record from the database or initializes the record for an upsert statement.
Loads the new record field values from the request and overwrites the old values.
If the request came from a standard UI edit page, Salesforce runs system validation to check the record for:
- Compliance with layout-specific rules
- Required values at the layout level and field-definition level
- Valid field formats
- Maximum field length
Salesforce doesn't perform system validation in this step when the request comes from other sources, such as an Apex application or a SOAP API call.
Executes all before triggers.
Runs most system validation steps again, such as verifying that all required fields have a non-null value, and runs any user-defined validation rules. The only system validation that Salesforce doesn't run a second time (when the request comes from a standard UI edit page) is the enforcement of layout-specific rules.
Saves the record to the database, but doesn't commit yet.
Executes all after triggers.
Executes assignment rules.
Executes auto-response rules.
Executes workflow rules.
If there are workflow field updates, updates the record again.
If the record was updated with workflow field updates, fires before and after triggers one more time (and only one more time), in addition to standard validations. Custom validation rules are not run again.
Note
The before and after triggers fire one more time only if something needs to be updated. If the fields have already been set to a value, the triggers are not fired again.
Executes escalation rules.
If the record contains a roll-up summary field or is part of a cross-object workflow, performs calculations and updates the roll-up summary field in the parent record. Parent record goes through save procedure.
If the parent record is updated, and a grand-parent record contains a roll-up summary field or is part of a cross-object workflow, performs calculations and updates the roll-up summary field in the parent record. Grand-parent record goes through save procedure.
Executes Criteria Based Sharing evaluation.
Commits all DML operations to the database.
Executes post-commit logic, such as sending email.

Note

During a recursive save, Salesforce skips steps 7 through 14.

Additional Considerations

Please note the following when working with triggers.

The order of execution isn’t guaranteed when having multiple triggers for the same object due to the same event. For example, if you have two before insert triggers for Case, and a new Case record is inserted that fires the two triggers, the order in which these triggers fire isn’t guaranteed.
When Enable Validation and Triggers from Lead Convert is selected, if the lead conversion creates an opportunity and the opportunity has Apex before triggers associated with it, the triggers run immediately after the opportunity is created, before the opportunity contact role is created. For more information, see “Customizing Lead Settings” in the Salesforce online help.
If you are using before triggers to set Stage and Forecast Category for an opportunity record, the behavior is as follows:
- If you set Stage and Forecast Category, the opportunity record contains those exact values.
- If you set Stage but not Forecast Category, the Forecast Category value on the opportunity record defaults to the one associated with trigger Stage.
- If you reset Stage to a value specified in an API call or incoming from the user interface, the Forecast Category value should also come from the API call or user interface. If no value for Forecast Category is specified and the incoming Stage is different than the trigger Stage, the Forecast Category defaults to the one associated with trigger Stage. If the trigger Stage and incoming Stage are the same, the Forecast Category is not defaulted.
If you are cloning an opportunity with products, the following events occur in order:
1. The parent opportunity is saved according to the list of events shown above.
2. The opportunity products are saved according to the list of events shown above.
Note
If errors occur on an opportunity product, you must return to the opportunity and fix the errors before cloning.
If any opportunity products contain unique custom fields, you must null them out before cloning the opportunity.
Trigger.old contains a version of the objects before the specific update that fired the trigger. However, there is an exception. When a record is updated and subsequently triggers a workflow rule field update, Trigger.old in the last update trigger won’t contain the version of the object immediately prior to the workflow update, but the object before the initial update was made. For example, suppose an existing record has a number field with an initial value of 1. A user updates this field to 10, and a workflow rule field update fires and increments it to 11. In the update trigger that fires after the workflow field update, the field value of the object obtained from Trigger.old is the original value of 1, rather than 10, as would typically be the case.