About SOSL

SOSL allows you to specify the following for source objects:

text expression
scope of fields to search
list of objects and fields to retrieve
conditions for selecting rows in the source objects

Pass the entire SOSL expression in the search parameter of the search() call.

Note

If your organization has relationship queries enabled, SOSL supports SOQL relationship queries.

Comparing SOSL and SOQL

Like Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL), SOSL allows you to search your organization’s Salesforce data for specific information. Unlike SOQL, which can only query one object at a time, a single SOSL query can search all objects—including custom objects—to which you have access. The API executes the search within the specified scope and returns to you only the information that is available to you based on the user permissions under which your application has logged in.

Use SOQL with the query() call to select records for a single object.
Use SOSL with the search() call to find records for one or more objects. The search() call searches most text fields on an object. See Search Scope for information on the fields searched.

Designing Efficient Text Searches

If your searches are too general, they will be slow and return too many results. Use the following to write more efficient searches:

IN clause—for limiting the types of columns to search
RETURNING clause—for limiting the objects to search
LIMIT clause—for restricting the search results

Search Scope

The search() call searches most objects (including custom objects) and text fields to which you have access. It does not search the following objects and fields:

Any elements such as picklists that are defined as not searchable (searchable is false). To determine whether a given object is searchable, your application can invoke the describeSObjects() call on the object and inspect the searchable property in the DescribeSObjectResult.
Number, date, or checkbox fields. To search for such information, use the query() call instead.
Textarea fields, unless you use the ALL FIELDS search group.
Attachment records associated with certain objects, such as Account, Contact, or Opportunity.

Note the following implementation tips:

The search() call provides synonym matching, stop words, stemming, and spell correction for articles. In most cases, the search() call does not provide specialized search features such as synonym matching or stop words.
Apex requires that you surround SOQL and SOSL statements with square brackets in order to use them on the fly. Additionally, Apex script variables and expressions can be used if preceded by a colon (:).