{"id":15914,"date":"2025-07-31T13:05:48","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T13:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/?p=15914"},"modified":"2025-07-31T13:05:49","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T13:05:49","slug":"what-are-small-language-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/what-are-small-language-models\/","title":{"rendered":"What are Small Language Models?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When it comes to generative AI and the models that drive them, sometimes less is more. Many businesses find that <em>small<\/em> language models tailored for very specific tasks can be more effective and efficient than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/adapt-or-train-your-own-llm\/\">large language models<\/a> (LLMs). Small models are less expensive to train and maintain, and often outperform the kitchen-sink approach of their gigantic multipurpose counterparts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here we\u2019ll explain the appeal of small models, how they work, and how they can benefit your business. You will get answers to these questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h3>Table of contents<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"#h-what-is-a-small-language-model\" data-level=\"2\">What is a small language model?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-why-are-large-language-models-so-expensive\" data-level=\"2\">Why are large language models so expensive?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-how-are-small-language-models-different\" data-level=\"2\">How are small language models different?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-lower-cost-to-serve\" data-level=\"3\">Lower cost to serve<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-better-performance\" data-level=\"3\">Better performance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-greater-accuracy\" data-level=\"3\">Greater accuracy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-how-do-small-language-models-enable-on-device-ai\" data-level=\"2\">How do small language models enable on-device AI?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-stronger-data-privacy\" data-level=\"3\">Stronger data privacy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-small-but-mighty\" data-level=\"3\">Small but mighty<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-faqs\" data-level=\"2\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-small-language-model\"><strong>What is a small language model?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A small language model (SLM) is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/artificial-intelligence\/what-is-machine-learning\/\">machine-learning algorithm<\/a> that\u2019s been trained on a dataset much smaller, more specific, and, often, of higher quality than an LLM\u2019s. It has far fewer parameters (the configurations the algorithm learns from data during training) and a simpler architecture. Like LLMs, the advanced AI systems trained on vast amounts of data, small language models can understand and generate human-sounding text.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Small models are typically deployed for a single specific task (such as answering customer questions about a certain product,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/sales\/artificial-intelligence\/\"> summarising sales calls<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/marketing\/ai\/\">drafting marketing emails<\/a>) and can be more computationally efficient and faster than LLMs due to their small size and higher-quality, more targeted data. This means you can save money and time, while also improving accuracy by designing topic-specific small language models into your architecture.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Small language models are not designed, for example, to help you research trends in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/healthcare-life-sciences\/\">healthcare <\/a>industry. They can, however, help a healthcare company answer customer questions about, say, a new health program for diabetes prevention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How an <\/strong><strong>SLM <\/strong><strong>works:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trains on curated datasets specific to a business function or domain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Handles queries using its specialised knowledge to generate relevant, accurate responses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Operates efficiently with fewer parameters and reduced computational and infrastructure requirements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t\n\n<div class=\"alignfull wp-block-salesforce-blog-section-heading\">\n\t<h2 class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-section-heading__title\">\n\t\t\t\tSection Title\t<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer__featured-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/blog\/pre-trained-llm\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__link \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"img-object-fit\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Business-AI_blog-image_04232024-1.webp?w=300\" sizes=\"100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Business-AI_blog-image_04232024-1.webp 4322w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Business-AI_blog-image_04232024-1.webp?w=300&amp;h=155 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Business-AI_blog-image_04232024-1.webp?w=768&amp;h=396 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Business-AI_blog-image_04232024-1.webp?w=1024&amp;h=528 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Business-AI_blog-image_04232024-1.webp?w=1536&amp;h=793 1536w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Business-AI_blog-image_04232024-1.webp?w=2048&amp;h=1057 2048w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Business-AI_blog-image_04232024-1.webp?w=150&amp;h=77 150w\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/span>\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__title\">\n\t\t\t3 Reasons an Open Source LLM Is an Easier Path for Your Business\t\t<\/h4>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer__supporting-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/blog\/what-is-metadata\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__link \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"img-object-fit\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/041924_How-Can-Metadata-Make-Your-AI-Better_.webp?w=300\" sizes=\"100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/041924_How-Can-Metadata-Make-Your-AI-Better_.webp 1500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/041924_How-Can-Metadata-Make-Your-AI-Better_.webp?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/041924_How-Can-Metadata-Make-Your-AI-Better_.webp?w=768&amp;h=432 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/041924_How-Can-Metadata-Make-Your-AI-Better_.webp?w=1024&amp;h=576 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/041924_How-Can-Metadata-Make-Your-AI-Better_.webp?w=150&amp;h=84 150w\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/span>\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__title\">\n\t\t\tRaise Your AI\u2019s IQ With Metadata\t\t<\/h4>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/blog\/adapt-or-train-your-own-llm\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__link \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"img-object-fit\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Your-Company-Needs-an-LLM_6b17c1.webp?w=300\" sizes=\"100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Your-Company-Needs-an-LLM_6b17c1.webp 1500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Your-Company-Needs-an-LLM_6b17c1.webp?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Your-Company-Needs-an-LLM_6b17c1.webp?w=768&amp;h=432 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Your-Company-Needs-an-LLM_6b17c1.webp?w=1024&amp;h=576 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/Your-Company-Needs-an-LLM_6b17c1.webp?w=150&amp;h=84 150w\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/span>\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__title\">\n\t\t\tHow to Unlock the Power of Generative AI Without Building Your Own LLM\t\t<\/h4>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/types-of-ai\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__link \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"img-object-fit\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/AdobeStock_297061664-Converted.png?w=300\" sizes=\"100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/AdobeStock_297061664-Converted.png 2917w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/AdobeStock_297061664-Converted.png?w=300&amp;h=193 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/AdobeStock_297061664-Converted.png?w=768&amp;h=494 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/AdobeStock_297061664-Converted.png?w=1024&amp;h=658 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/AdobeStock_297061664-Converted.png?w=1536&amp;h=987 1536w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/AdobeStock_297061664-Converted.png?w=2048&amp;h=1316 2048w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/07\/AdobeStock_297061664-Converted.png?w=150&amp;h=96 150w\" alt=\"Different types of AI\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/span>\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-salesforce-blog-multi-offer-card__title\">\n\t\t\tWhat are the different types of AI?\t\t<\/h4>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-are-large-language-models-so-expensive\"><strong>Why are large language models so expensive?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/artificial-intelligence\/what-are-large-language-models\/\">An LLM<\/a> is a type of AI that can generate human-like responses by processing<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/artificial-intelligence\/nlp\/\"> natural language <\/a>inputs, or prompts. This is possible because they\u2019re trained on massive datasets, which gives them an understanding of an expansive range of information.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All this information processing requires enormous computational resources. The larger the AI model, the higher the cost of training, compute power, and energy \u2014 to say nothing of the downstream maintenance costs. OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT-4, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/openai-ceo-sam-altman-the-age-of-giant-ai-models-is-already-over\/\">costs over $100 million<\/a>. Each parameter adds to the price tag, which is multiplied by every piece of input data, known as a token. That\u2019s why even seemingly straightforward tasks like answering a simple question of AI \u2013 \u201cWhat is the capital of Germany?\u201d\u2013 are resource-intensive and expensive.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To put it simply, in many cases, general-purpose LLMs with tens of millions of parameters are overkill for business users who need help with specific tasks.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cParameter count is just one of many variables that determine how well an AI deployment can solve problems in the real world,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/silvio-savarese-97b76114\/\">Silvio Savarese<\/a>, executive president and chief scientist at Salesforce.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(For a deeper look at when LLM scale is, and isn\u2019t, necessary, check out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/stories\/large-language-models-scale\/\">this Q&amp;A<\/a> with Savarese.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further, LLMs require huge, high-quality datasets. Acquiring and preprocessing them can be time-consuming and very expensive. Training them adds even more effort and expense: You have to make sure the data is diverse, and that it represents the population it will affect. Setting up and maintaining the required infrastructure (such as cloud computing and specialised hardware) can also be cost- and resource-intensive.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Summing up, cost, relevance, and complexity are three important dimensions LLMs need improvement on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-are-small-language-models-different\"><strong>How are small language models different?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Small, highly trained, task-specific models may be a better option for many companies, regardless of their size. Here\u2019s why:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lower-cost-to-serve\"><strong>Lower cost to serve<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>LLMs are power-hungry and resource-intensive. Small language models require power and resources, too, but because the pool of data they draw from is much smaller and more task-specific, the system requirements (and the ultimate costs) are far lower.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider a mid-sized Indian insurance provider looking to automate claims FAQs. The company may find it far more economical to deploy a fine-tuned SLM trained on local policy documents and claims histories than to integrate a general-purpose LLM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And because small models require far fewer compute resources, they consume less power and water than general-purpose models, which helps mitigate cost and their impact on the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vidyard wp-block-embed-vidyard\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" async src=\"https:\/\/play.vidyard.com\/embed\/v4.js\"><\/script><img decoding=\"async\"  style=\"width: 100%; margin: auto; display: block;\"  class=\"vidyard-player-embed\"  src=\"https:\/\/play.vidyard.com\/o6F9bmGy5DWH1FurBt9vs4.jpg\"  data-uuid=\"o6F9bmGy5DWH1FurBt9vs4\"  data-v=\"4\"  data-type=\"inline\"  data-width=\"500\"  data-height=\"281\"\/>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Silvio Savarese, executive president and chief scientist at Salesforce, debunks some myths about small language models.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-better-performance\"><strong>Better performance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/artificial-intelligence\/what-is-generative-ai\/\">Generative AI relevance<\/a> \u2014 or the degree to which AI outputs are useful, applicable, and aligned to specific business needs \u2014 is a vexing business challenge. Business users need clear solutions to specific queries, not the kitchen sink.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As Savarese wrote in <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.salesforceairesearch.com\/the-ever-growing-power-of-small-models\/\">this article<\/a>, \u201cThere\u2019s no substitute for hundreds of billions of parameters when you want to be everything to everyone. But in the enterprise, this ability is almost entirely moot.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the right <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/artificial-intelligence\/ai-strategy-guide\/\">strategy<\/a>, small language models designed for individual, well-defined tasks, like<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/agentforce\/what-is-rag\/\"> knowledge retrieval <\/a>or tech support, can easily outperform larger models.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Small, open-source models like Salesforce\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.salesforceairesearch.com\/xgen\/\">xGen<\/a> consistently exceed the performance of larger models by leveraging better pre-training and data curation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/data\/what-is-data-strategy\/\">strategies<\/a>. xGen, for example, is trained on longer sequences of data, helping it summarise large volumes of text, write code, and more.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-greater-accuracy\"><strong>Greater accuracy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Model accuracy depends on the quality and quantity of the data it\u2019s trained on. Since LLMs are trained on oceans of data pulled from all over the internet, much of it is irrelevant to the business user\u2019s task at hand. Alternatively, small language models like xGen are trained on business data that looks similar to the customer relationship management (CRM) data that a customer might have.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cxGen is narrowly focused on these specific tasks, and it\u2019s very good at it,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kathykbaxter\/\">Kathy Baxter<\/a>, VP &amp; principal architect, responsible AI and Tech at Salesforce.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The models\u2019 small size results in a more focused learning process: They adapt faster to the nuances of particular datasets or applications. This is important for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/artificial-intelligence\/use-cases\/\">companies looking for specialised AI capabilities<\/a> because they\u2019re better at handling specific tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-small-language-models-enable-on-device-ai\"><strong>How do small language models enable on-device AI?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Business users on the go can use their phones to access LLMs that live in the cloud. But there are key issues. You need an internet connection, and the performance is only as good as that connection. Experts envision a future for SLMs that will overcome these hurdles, giving users access to superior insights on the go to improve their work.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What if you had a small language model that lives on your phone, and works even when you\u2019re offline? Salesforce Research is working on this very thing, with xGen-Mobile, which is tiny enough to fit on a phone but powerful enough to perform tasks accurately and quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vidyard wp-block-embed-vidyard\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" async src=\"https:\/\/play.vidyard.com\/embed\/v4.js\"><\/script><img decoding=\"async\"  style=\"width: 100%; margin: auto; display: block;\"  class=\"vidyard-player-embed\"  src=\"https:\/\/play.vidyard.com\/KZJJbt8cExbNAyRJmEu7Zi.jpg\"  data-uuid=\"KZJJbt8cExbNAyRJmEu7Zi\"  data-v=\"4\"  data-type=\"inline\"  data-width=\"500\"  data-height=\"282\"\/>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This demo shows how a field service technician could use on-device AI to diagnose and solve customer\u2019s problems, without internet connectivity.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The first iterations will be geared toward <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/service\/field-service-management\/ai-field-service-management-guide\/\">field service<\/a> and field <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/sales\/artificial-intelligence\/\">sales<\/a>. In field service, picture a technician diagnosing a washing machine problem onsite. Internet connectivity may be spotty or non-existent in, say, a basement, but that\u2019s not a problem. The technician could access the small language model stored on their device, and instantly get answers to repair questions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Future iterations of xGen-Mobile will support multimodal capabilities. For example, if the technician takes a picture of a greasy, broken part, the model would recognise it, making it easy to order a new part. By snapping a picture or even recording sound, the tech could get recommendations for the most likely issues, and ways to address them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another benefit? Keeping the computation on the device can save costs by not sending data to process in the cloud. Further, you can ground the model in the data that\u2019s on your device, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/blog\/designing-personalized-user-experiences\/\">personalise <\/a>it to your needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese models can be grounded in information on an individual\u2019s device,\u201d Baxter says. \u201cThat means they will eventually be highly personalised, which will make them even more valuable.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stronger-data-privacy\"><strong>Stronger data privacy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike some external API-based sources, small language models like xGen adhere to stringent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/platform\/data-privacy-compliance\/\">data privacy<\/a> controls. This complies with Salesforce\u2019s restrictions on keeping customer data inside its own secured platform. xGen preserves privacy better because the model runs on a mobile device, where the data lives. This is a good solution for sensitive, regulated industries like banking and healthcare, which are restricted in how and with whom they can share information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What are the limitations of <\/strong><strong>SLMs<\/strong><strong>?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Like with everything else, SLMs have their disadvantages. Outside of the task they are designed for, they are not useful. Also, since their datasets are small, if they are not very high quality, typical generative AI concerns like <a href=\"https:\/\/trailhead.salesforce.com\/content\/learn\/modules\/responsible-creation-of-artificial-intelligence\/recognize-bias-in-ai\">bias <\/a>are more likely to emerge. For example, a premium hotel chain may set up an SLM on the best local dining for their guests. Unless the dataset is vetted by experts across locations, it will offer biased recommendations which may fall within a certain price bracket or ignore a lesser-known local delicacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, SLMs struggle with complexity. An SLM handling routine queries at an airline for instance, may <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/generative-ai-hallucinations\/\">hallucinate <\/a>when asked for rerouting options during sudden weather changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-small-but-mighty\"><strong>Small but mighty<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Small models can be fine-tuned to specific tasks or industries, giving you more relevant and precise outputs without the overhead of processing unnecessary information. This makes them perfect for applications where speed, cost, and accuracy are crucial, delivering specific solutions without the heavyweight footprint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-faqs\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"accordion \">\n\t\n\n<button class=\"accordion-header\" type=\"button\">How do small language models work?<\/button>\n<div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\n\n<p>Small language models are trained on small but very specific, high-quality datasets geared towards a single task. They have far fewer parameters and a simpler architecture compared to LLMs. Like their larger counterparts, they can understand and generate human-sounding text, but they focus on one specific function rather than being general-purpose.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"accordion-header\" type=\"button\">What are the main differences between SLMs and LLMs?<\/button>\n<div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>Small Language Models (SLMs)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Large Language Models (LLMs)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Environmental impact<\/td><td>Lower carbon footprint with reduced power and water consumption<\/td><td>High energy consumption requiring massive computational resources<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cost efficiency<\/td><td>Dramatically lower training, maintenance, and operational costs<\/td><td>Expensive to deploy and maintain with complex pre-training, training and post-training<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Computational usage<\/td><td>Lightweight processing with minimal infrastructure requirements<\/td><td>Resource-intensive requiring specialised hardware and cloud computing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Performance<\/td><td>Higher accuracy for specific tasks due to focused training<\/td><td>General capability but potentially overkill for targeted business needs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data privacy<\/td><td>Keep sensitive data on-device or within your secure platform boundaries<\/td><td>Require sending data to external APIs and third-party cloud services<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bias and nuance<\/td><td>Potentially more prone to bias if datasets are not carefully and regularly curated, and unable to handle complex queries slightly beyond their specific function<\/td><td>Better at handling nuanced contexts and reducing bias through extensive training.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"accordion-header\" type=\"button\">What are the best use cases for small language models?<\/button>\n<div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/service\/customer-service-automation\/what-is-automated-customer-service\/\">Customer service automation<\/a> &#8211; Handle product-specific FAQs, warranty enquiries, and technical support tickets with domain expertise<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/sales\/enablement\/what-is-sales-enablement\/\">Sales enablement<\/a> &#8211; Summarise client calls, generate personalised proposals, and provide real-time competitive intelligence during customer meetings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/service\/what-is-knowledge-management\/\">Knowledge management<\/a> &#8211; Instantly retrieve company policies, procedures, and institutional knowledge tailored to specific departments or roles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/designing-a-mobile-first-customer-journey-to-improve-cx\/\">Mobile-first applications <\/a>&#8211; Power on-device AI experiences for field sales, remote work, and situations requiring data privacy compliance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div> <!-- \/.accordion -->\n\n\n\n<div class=\"layout-astro wp-block-salesforce-blog-related-trail\">\n\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"related-trail__illustration related-trail__cloud\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/salesforce-blog\/dist\/images\/related-trail-cloud-layout-astro.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n\t\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"related-trail__illustration related-trail__background\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/salesforce-blog\/dist\/images\/related-trail-background-layout-astro.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n\t<div class=\"related-trail__wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"related-trail__content\">\n\t\t\t\n<svg 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0 1 .5l2.7 1.2a1.8 1.8 0 0 1 1 2.4l-.1.2-2.5 4.3a52.5 52.5 0 0 0 7.2-.4l.5-.9A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 46 65.1z\" \/><path fill=\"#157139\" d=\"M56.9 67.3h8.8l-4.4-5zM23 71h9l-4.5-5.1zm-4.1-10.4-4.5 5h8.9z\" \/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"wp-block-related-trail__title\">What can generative AI really do for you?<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<p>Learn about common generative AI use cases, options for your language models, and AI-oriented change management strategies for your business.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/trailhead.salesforce.com\/content\/learn\/trails\/drive-ai-within-your-organization\">Find out what AI can do for you<\/a><\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"related-trail__mock\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"related-trail__points\">+700 points<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"related-trail__eyebrow\">Trail<\/div>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"related-trail__trail-title h3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trailhead.salesforce.com\/content\/learn\/trails\/drive-ai-within-your-organization?_ga=2.83697555.465613196.1753596473-1826098349.1753169879\">Drive AI within your organisation<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"related-trail__trail-description\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"related-trail__actions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"related-trail__action\">\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 10 10\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"#747474\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"m4.93.69.88 2.88c.04.12.16.18.27.18h2.89c.29 0 .4.38.17.56L6.79 6.04c-.1.07-.13.2-.1.32l1.12 2.96c.08.27-.2.5-.44.33L4.85 7.77c-.1-.08-.23-.08-.34 0L1.97 9.65a.29.29 0 0 1-.45-.33L2.6 6.36a.3.3 0 0 0-.1-.32L.17 4.3c-.23-.18-.1-.56.17-.56h2.89c.13 0 .23-.04.27-.18l.9-2.9c.08-.27.46-.25.54.02Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/><\/svg>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"related-trail__action\">\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 5\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"#747474\" d=\"M4.16 4.5.26 0h7.8z\" \/><\/svg>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"related-trail__illustration related-trail__foreground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/salesforce-blog\/dist\/images\/related-trail-foreground-layout-astro.png\" alt=\"\">\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"related-trail__illustration related-trail__parks\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/in\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/salesforce-blog\/dist\/images\/related-trail-parks-layout-astro.png\" alt=\"\">\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Small models are typically deployed for a single specific task. They&#8217;re far less expensive, more efficient, higher performing and, often, more accurate than LLMs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":736,"featured_media":15916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sf_justforyou_enable_alt":true,"optimizely_content_id":"cf93d5019f4247d8967642f2IN","post_meta_title":"","ai_synopsis":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"sf_topic":[556],"sf_content_type":[],"coauthors":[578],"class_list":["post-15914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","sf_topic-artificial-intelligence"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are Small Language Models? - Salesforce<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Generic LLMs are overkill for many business users who need help with one specific task. 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