{"id":43233,"date":"2023-09-01T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/?p=43233"},"modified":"2023-09-11T18:08:15","modified_gmt":"2023-09-12T01:08:15","slug":"salesforce-ai-breast-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/stories\/salesforce-ai-breast-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"AI at Work: How Salesforce AI Could Make Therapeutic Decision-Making for Breast Cancer More Accurate, Affordable and Accessible"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Editor&#8217;s Note: This story was updated in September 2023 to keep it fresh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Breast cancer affects 1\/8 women in the USA, and rates of breast cancer are increasing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Humans are good at spotting cancer by looking at patterns in cells. AI has made tremendous progress, however using AI for treatment has been complicated. But a new AI tool, ReceptorNet, can supplement human theragnosis by identifying the subtle differences in those patterns to inform better treatment decisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ReceptorNet was developed in collaboration between Salesforce and Dr. David Agus at the Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ReceptorNet could make treatment less expensive and more readily available, particularly in developing countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Imagine being a doctor and having a precocious resident permanently by your side, giving you brilliant insight into disease and helping you to identify the best treatment path for your patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A team at Salesforce Research believes this scenario is closer to reality than you might think, as a result of a series of exciting developments in AI vision technology and machine learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-breast-cancer-rates-on-the-rise\">Breast cancer rates on the rise&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Breast cancer affects more than<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/cancer\/prevention\/diagnosis-screening\/breast-cancer\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> two million women worldwide each year<\/a>, with around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/breast-cancer\/about\/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one in eight women<\/a> in the United States developing breast cancer over the course of their lifetime. There were also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.journalofcancerology.com\/pdf\/joc_19_6_1_21-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2,550 new cases of breast cancer in men<\/a> in the U.S. in 2018. Alarmingly, rates of breast cancer are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.breastcancer.org\/symptoms\/understand_bc\/statistics#:~:text=About%201%20in%208%20U.S.,(in%20situ)%20breast%20cancer.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">increasing<\/a> in nearly every region globally.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Salesforce Research collaborated with the Ellison Institute to develop ReceptorNet, a deep-learning algorithm that can determine <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/breast-cancer\/understanding-a-breast-cancer-diagnosis\/breast-cancer-hormone-receptor-status.html\" target=\"_blank\">hormone-receptor status<\/a> \u2013 a crucial biomarker for clinicians when deciding on the appropriate treatment path for breast cancer patients \u2014 with excellent sensitivity and specificity numbers.&nbsp;This work has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-19334-3\">published<\/a> in the journal Nature Communications under&nbsp;the title \u201cDeep learning-enabled breast cancer hormonal receptor status determination from base-level H&amp;E stains.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While using AI to try to improve outcomes for breast cancer patients is not new, efforts have significantly approved. In 2023, AI algorithms surpassed the BCSC risk model in predicting 0 to five-year breast cancer risk using mammograms, advancing personalized care and cancer growth pattern detection. Salesforce&#8217;s AI, ReceptorNet, integrates this goal for improved breast cancer treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What makes ReceptorNet unique is that it focuses on improving the way treatment decisions are made for breast cancer patients. Specifically, ReceptorNet predicts hormone-receptor status from an inexpensive and ubiquitous tissue image. That&#8217;s in contrast to the current standard of care, which requires both a more expensive, less widely available type of tissue image \u2014 and a trained pathologist to review those images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crucially, because it is a less expensive and quicker way of determining hormone-receptor status than the system used commonly today in countries like the U.S., it could potentially help make high-quality decision-making for breast cancer therapies more accessible \u2013&nbsp;allowing patients globally to receive the best possible treatment path, regardless of the expertise available in their healthcare system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<aside class=\"contextual-driver has-text-align-left contextual-driver--einstein\">\n\t<header class=\"tidbit-header\">\n\t\t<h2 class=\"tidbit-head\">\n\t\t\tDiscover Einstein\t\t<\/h2>\n\t<\/header>\n\t<div class=\"tidbit-body\">\n\t\t<p>Bring AI to any workflow, user, department and industry.<\/p>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"tidbit-link label\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"label has-right-arrow has-right-arrow--small\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/products\/einstein-ai-solutions\/?d=cta-body-promo-8\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Learn more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 10\">\n\t<path d=\"M13.92 5.38a1 1 0 000-.76.9.9 0 00-.17-.26.25.25 0 000-.07l-4-4a1 1 0 00-1.46 1.42L10.59 4H1.07a1 1 0 000 2h9.52l-2.3 2.29a1 1 0 000 1.42 1 1 0 001.42 0l4-4a.25.25 0 000-.07.9.9 0 00.21-.26z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img class=\"tidbit img-einstein\"\n\t\tsrcset=\"\n\t\t\thttps:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/themes\/newsroom\/assets\/images\/article-tidbit-einstein-large@0.5x.png 84w,\n\t\t\thttps:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/themes\/newsroom\/assets\/images\/article-tidbit-einstein-large@1x.png 168w,\n\t\t\thttps:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/themes\/newsroom\/assets\/images\/article-tidbit-einstein-large@2x.png 336w\n\t\t\"\n\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/themes\/newsroom\/assets\/images\/article-tidbit-einstein-large@1x.png\"\n\t\talt=\"Illustration of einstein\"\n\t\tsizes=\"(min-width:1024px) 175px, 130px\"\n\t>\n\t<\/aside>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-the-receptornet-project-began\">How the ReceptorNet project began<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The development of ReceptorNet originated in conversations between Salesforce researchers and <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/davidagus.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. David Agus<\/a>, Founding Director and CEO of the Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrapper\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large prevent-download\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"wp-block-image__modal-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-modal-id=\"43293-modal\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Open Image Modal<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=500\" alt=\"Dr. David Agus\" class=\"wp-image-43293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=264&amp;h=148 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=150&amp;h=84 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Dr. David Agus, Founding Director &amp; CEO, Lawrence J. Elison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"43293-modal\" class=\"image-modal\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"image-dialog-title\"><div class=\"image-modal__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-a11y-dialog-hide><\/div><div class=\"image-modal__content\" role=\"dialog\"><button class=\"image-modal__close-button\" type=\"button\" data-a11y-dialog-hide aria-label=\"Close this image dialog window\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 26 25\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\".626\" y=\"22.753\" width=\"32\" height=\"3\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(-45 .626 22.753)\"\/><rect x=\"2.747\" y=\".125\" width=\"32\" height=\"3\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(45 2.747 .125)\"\/><\/svg><\/button><h1 id=\"image-dialog-title\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">Image Modal<\/h1>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large prevent-download\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=500\" alt=\"Dr. David Agus\" class=\"wp-image-43293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=264&amp;h=148 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=150&amp;h=84 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/david-agus.jpg?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Dr. David Agus, Founding Director &amp; CEO, Lawrence J. Elison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Agus is a renowned oncologist and a professor of medicine and engineering. He explains that there has long been a belief among cancer doctors that tumor cells contain crucial information about cancer that the human brain can\u2019t quite extract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe human brain is very good at determining whether or not there is cancer based on looking at patterns in cells,\u201d says Dr. Agus, \u201cbut it can\u2019t determine the subtle differences in these patterns that correlate with the outcome of the cancer. In other words, what the molecular on\/off switch is.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This means that a patient might be diagnosed with cancer but then have to wait weeks for the results of molecular studies to determine what treatment they should receive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<aside class=\"more-from-block more-from-block--2 alignfull wp-block-newsroom-moreontopic\">\n\t<div class=\"more-from-block__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"more-from-block__title\">Related<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"more-from-block__cards more-from-block__cards--2\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n\n<article\t\t\titemscope=\"\"\n\t\titemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\"\n\t\tdata-card-id=\"92248\"\n\t\tclass=\"content-card content-card--large-inline is-entire-area-clickable 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content-card__content-container--style-\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 itemprop=\"headline\" class=\"content-card__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/linked-content\/liv-golf-launches-fan-caddie-powered-by-salesforces-agentforce-360-a-personalized-ai-agent-that-reimagines-the-global-golf-fan-experience\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"content-card__title-link\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLIV Golf Launches \u2018Fan Caddie\u2019 Powered by Salesforce\u2019s Agentforce 360: A Personalized AI Agent That Reimagines the Global Golf Fan Experience\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/article>\n\n\n\n<article\t\t\titemscope=\"\"\n\t\titemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\"\n\t\tdata-card-id=\"91836\"\n\t\tclass=\"content-card content-card--large-inline is-entire-area-clickable 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1200w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/Salesforce-Announces-Support-for-Googles-Universal-Commerce-Protocol-Bringing-Product-Discovery-and-Transactions-into-Every-AI-Conversation.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/Salesforce-Announces-Support-for-Googles-Universal-Commerce-Protocol-Bringing-Product-Discovery-and-Transactions-into-Every-AI-Conversation.png?w=768&amp;h=432 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/Salesforce-Announces-Support-for-Googles-Universal-Commerce-Protocol-Bringing-Product-Discovery-and-Transactions-into-Every-AI-Conversation.png?w=1024&amp;h=576 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/Salesforce-Announces-Support-for-Googles-Universal-Commerce-Protocol-Bringing-Product-Discovery-and-Transactions-into-Every-AI-Conversation.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, 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https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/Salesforce-Announces-Support-for-Googles-Universal-Commerce-Protocol-Bringing-Product-Discovery-and-Transactions-into-Every-AI-Conversation.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"content-card__content-container content-card__content-container--style-\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 itemprop=\"headline\" class=\"content-card__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/stories\/google-universal-commerce-protocol-support-announcement\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"content-card__title-link\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSalesforce Announces Support for Google&#8217;s Universal Commerce Protocol to Bring Product Discovery and Checkout into Conversational AI\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div itemprop=\"readTime\" class=\"content-card__read-time\">\n\t\t\t\t3 min read\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/article>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<noscript>\n<div class=\"pagination-fallback\">\n\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43233\/page\/2\/?bc=OTH#section-title\">\n\t\t\tOlder Posts\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/noscript>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur team has been working on using AI to understand patterns of cells and help make treatment decisions for several years. We had this notion that maybe we could find the answer to those molecular questions instantaneously with AI and machine learning,\u201d Dr. Agus says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s where the Salesforce Research team came in. \u201cWe have a world-class AI research team,\u201d says Nikhil Naik, Lead Research Scientist at Salesforce Research and the first author on this study, adding that, \u201cthe collaboration also matched our philosophy of developing technology that doesn\u2019t just serve the purpose of the company, but also has a positive impact on people and on the world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With a PhD in computer vision from MIT, Naik says he realized early on that Salesforce would be in an ideal position to help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-clues-to-cancer-that-the-eye-can-t-see\">Finding clues to cancer that the eye can\u2019t see<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><span class=\"js-twitter-inline\">The algorithm is able to determine subtle patterns the human eye can\u2019t possibly perceive.<\/span><\/p>\n<cite>Andre Esteva, Head of Medical AI, Salesforce Research<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The team developed an AI solution that is able to extract vital clues about breast cancer by learning to spot patterns in images of tumors, using a cheap and widely available imaging process. Naik gives a simple analogy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Say you have an accident and you think you may have broken your arm. What if, instead of having to go to the hospital for an X-ray, you could just take a photo of your arm on your cell phone and an AI algorithm could determine whether or not you had a fracture?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThat is very similar to what we are doing. We are replacing an expensive, time-consuming process that requires specialized technology with a simpler, more widely available technology for imaging, using artificial intelligence.\u201d[MC(2]&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So how does this work in practice? Typically, when a patient is diagnosed with breast cancer, a pathologist will analyze their tumor tissue under a microscope using a process called immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, to look for the presence of hormone receptors that allow the cancer to grow. This helps them to decide on the best course of treatment, such as hormone therapy or chemotherapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem with IHC staining is that it is expensive, time-consuming, and not readily available in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ReceptorNet has learned to determine hormone receptor status by using a much less expensive and simpler imaging process \u2013 hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining \u2013 that analyzes the shape, size, and structure of cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" alt=\"How an AI algorithm helps detect breast cancer\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-43278\" data-id=\"43278\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=768&amp;h=433 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=1024&amp;h=577 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=500&amp;h=282 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=678&amp;h=382 678w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=150&amp;h=85 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen1.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" alt=\"Image of stoves - let's say you want to detect heat in this image\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-43279\" data-id=\"43279\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=768&amp;h=433 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=1024&amp;h=577 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=500&amp;h=282 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=678&amp;h=382 678w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=150&amp;h=85 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen2.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Let&#8217;s say you want to train an algorithm to detect heat in a kitchen, from a normal photographic image.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" alt=\"Image of appliances - on its own a photographic image won't show how hot they are\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-43280\" data-id=\"43280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=768&amp;h=433 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=1024&amp;h=577 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=500&amp;h=282 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=678&amp;h=382 678w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=150&amp;h=85 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen3.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">On its own, a photographic image shows where things are, but not how hot they are.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" alt=\"An infrared image can serve as a label, for each corresponding photographic image, that teaches the AI whether or not heat is present.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-43281\" data-id=\"43281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=768&amp;h=433 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=1024&amp;h=577 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=500&amp;h=282 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=678&amp;h=382 678w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=150&amp;h=85 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen4.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">An infrared image can serve as a label, for each corresponding photographic image, that teaches the AI whether or not heat is present.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" alt=\"AI predicts presence of heat from stove\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-43282\" data-id=\"43282\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=768&amp;h=433 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=1024&amp;h=577 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=500&amp;h=282 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=678&amp;h=382 678w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=150&amp;h=85 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen5.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Trained on these two information sources, the AI can then predict the presence of heat directly form new photographic images without the need for infrared. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" alt=\"AI learns the presence of hormone receptors\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-43283\" data-id=\"43283\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=768&amp;h=433 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=1024&amp;h=577 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=500&amp;h=282 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=678&amp;h=382 678w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=150&amp;h=85 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen6.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Similarly, we can train an AI using H&amp;E images, which contain information about cellular structure, with the labels extracted from IHC images, which contain information about the presence of hormonal receptors.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" alt=\"ReceptorNet can predict hormone receptors\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-43284\" data-id=\"43284\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=768&amp;h=433 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=1024&amp;h=577 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=500&amp;h=282 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=678&amp;h=382 678w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=150&amp;h=85 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Assets-12.9.20_kitchen7.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">After training, the ReceptorNet algorithm can predict the presence of hormonal receptors directly from H&amp;E eliminating the need to obtain expensive IHC images.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>ReceptorNet has been trained on several thousand H&amp;E image slides, each containing billions of pixels, from cancer patients in dozens of hospitals across the world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe algorithm is able to look at individual pixels and determine subtle patterns that the human eye can&#8217;t possibly perceive,\u201d says Andre Esteva, Head of Medical AI, and co-author on the study, explaining that patterns can yield vital clues about how to treat the cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrapper\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large prevent-download\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"wp-block-image__modal-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-modal-id=\"43288-modal\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Open Image Modal<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Salesforce-Tissue.gif?w=600\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43288\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An illustrative interpretation of how AI can spot what the human eye can&#8217;t see<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"43288-modal\" class=\"image-modal\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"image-dialog-title\"><div class=\"image-modal__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-a11y-dialog-hide><\/div><div class=\"image-modal__content\" role=\"dialog\"><button class=\"image-modal__close-button\" type=\"button\" data-a11y-dialog-hide aria-label=\"Close this image dialog window\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 26 25\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\".626\" y=\"22.753\" width=\"32\" height=\"3\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(-45 .626 22.753)\"\/><rect x=\"2.747\" y=\".125\" width=\"32\" height=\"3\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(45 2.747 .125)\"\/><\/svg><\/button><h1 id=\"image-dialog-title\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">Image Modal<\/h1>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large prevent-download\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Salesforce-Tissue.gif?w=600\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43288\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An illustrative interpretation of how AI can spot what the human eye can&#8217;t see<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-exciting-times-for-medical-ai\">Exciting times for medical AI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Since early 2019, Naik and Esteva have been leading a team at Salesforce that focuses on delivering AI applications for social good, primarily in the areas of medicine and science. Recently, the team created <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/company\/news-press\/stories\/2020\/6\/salesforce-research-covid-search\/\">search engines for COVID-19<\/a> to help researchers and clinicians find information faster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a significant benefit to doing this kind of AI research in industry, as opposed to academia. AI teams tend to flourish when provided with industrial scale compute capabilities &#8211; and industrial scale budgets &#8211; because those elements make it much easier to rapidly experiment,\u201d says Esteva.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI think the most impactful applications of AI will be in healthcare,\u201d adds Research Scientist Ali Madani, who assisted on the computer vision algorithm that powers ReceptorNet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Madani talks passionately about the transformative impact AI could have on people\u2019s lives. \u201cThere are direct applications that could improve society as a whole,\u201d he says. \u201cThat\u2019s the underlying motivation which has drawn me to AI and healthcare.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eliminating-bias-improving-accessibility-transforming-medicine\">Eliminating bias, improving accessibility, transforming medicine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><span class=\"js-twitter-inline\">An algorithm that&#8217;s only 80% accurate is not good enough for a critical application, like determining which cancer therapy to give to a patient.<\/span><\/p>\n<cite>Nikhil Naik, Lead Research Scientist, Salesforce Research<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>So, what could this mean for clinicians and patients? The ability to determine hormone-receptor status from H&amp;E stains could make treatment less expensive and more readily available, particularly in developing countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It could also, says Dr. Agus, mean patients are spared an agonizing wait between diagnosis and the initiation of treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proposing a future use case of this new technology, Dr. Agus said to, \u201cImagine when a woman comes in for her diagnosis and we can tell her right there on the spot what her treatment should be. Or in a third-world country (where molecule tests aren\u2019t available), imagine potentially being able to, just by scanning a slide, tell a woman that she can get a pill that could put her breast cancer under control. All of a sudden there\u2019s a transformation in medicine.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image__wrapper\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large prevent-download\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"wp-block-image__modal-toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-modal-id=\"43306-modal\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Open Image Modal<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"576\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=1024\" alt=\"quote card\" class=\"wp-image-43306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png 2500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=768&amp;h=432 768w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=1024&amp;h=576 1024w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=1536&amp;h=864 1536w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=2048&amp;h=1153 2048w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=264&amp;h=149 264w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=500&amp;h=281 500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=678&amp;h=382 678w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=150&amp;h=84 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=1414&amp;h=796 1414w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=1218&amp;h=685 1218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<div id=\"43306-modal\" class=\"image-modal\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"image-dialog-title\"><div class=\"image-modal__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-a11y-dialog-hide><\/div><div class=\"image-modal__content\" role=\"dialog\"><button class=\"image-modal__close-button\" type=\"button\" data-a11y-dialog-hide aria-label=\"Close this image dialog window\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 26 25\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\".626\" y=\"22.753\" width=\"32\" height=\"3\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(-45 .626 22.753)\"\/><rect x=\"2.747\" y=\".125\" width=\"32\" height=\"3\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(45 2.747 .125)\"\/><\/svg><\/button><h1 id=\"image-dialog-title\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">Image Modal<\/h1>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large prevent-download\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=1024\" alt=\"quote card\" class=\"wp-image-43306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png 2500w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=300&amp;h=169 300w, 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https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=150&amp;h=84 150w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=314&amp;h=177 314w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=343&amp;h=193 343w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=1414&amp;h=796 1414w, https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/ai-breast-cancer-quote.png?w=1218&amp;h=685 1218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In order for AI in medicine to deliver its full potential, clinicians must first have confidence in its accuracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAn algorithm that&#8217;s only 80% accurate is not good enough for a critical application, like determining which cancer therapy to give to a patient,\u201d acknowledges Naik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the test phase of the ReceptorNet project, when the algorithm was tested on images it had never seen before, it achieved 92% accuracy for hormone receptor determinations, which indicates its potential for future clinical deployment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Numerous small, incremental changes were made to ensure the algorithm was able to deliver accurate predictions, regardless of differences in the preparation of the tissue samples it was analyzing. Crucially, the algorithm has also been able to deliver reliable performance across different demographic groups.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0960977619305648\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">long been concerns<\/a> that healthcare and evidence-based medicine can be biased against certain groups, because they are often underrepresented in the evidence base. However, during the development of ReceptorNet, researchers were able to achieve accurate results across a variety of different groups, which could be vital in order to build confidence in the performance of the AI among healthcare professionals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naik says, \u201cWe analyzed this by splitting the data based on things like age, race, and location, and statistically there was no difference in the performance of the algorithm.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-importance-of-close-collaboration\">Importance of close collaboration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout the design process, the Salesforce team worked closely with <a href=\"https:\/\/davidagus.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dr. Agus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ellison.usc.edu\/portfolio\/danr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dr. Dan Ruderman<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ellison.usc.edu\/portfolio\/michaelp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dr. Michael F. Press<\/a> at The Ellison Institute, to ensure they were aware of any possible biases that could exist in the data that was fed into the model. This close collaboration also helped to ensure that the objectives of the team were closely aligned with the clinical workflows and questions that clinicians, doctors, and nurses would be interested in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite this, the team was aware that not every medical professional would be easily convinced that AI could be relied upon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"newsletter newsletter--default newsletter--no-js\">\n\t<header class=\"newsletter__header\">\n\t\t<h2 class=\"newsletter__title\">\n\t\t\tInsight, Opinion, News, and Data\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<p class=\"newsletter__subtitle\">\n\t\t\tSign up for Salesforce News &amp; Insights, direct to your inbox.\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/header>\n\n\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/cloud.mail.salesforce.com\/newsroomsignup\"\n\t\tclass=\"newsletter__iframe\"\n\t\ttitle=\"Insight, Opinion, News, and Data\"\n\t>\n\t<\/iframe>\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Naik says that the pathologists they spoke to were initially skeptical, explaining that this kind of prediction based on an H&amp;E slide is not something pathologists could do on their own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHowever, when they saw that the algorithm was working so well, they were really impressed that it was able to make these predictions just by learning from thousands of images \u2013 and also that it was able to confirm their suspicions about what kinds of patterns could be predictive. That was very impressive and exciting for them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Agus agrees. \u201cWhen we first started looking at how we could answer molecular questions instantaneously with AI and machine learning, we achieved some good results. But when we teamed up with Salesforce, those results went from good to great.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><span class=\"js-twitter-inline\">But when we teamed up with Salesforce, those results went from good to great.<\/span><\/p>\n<cite>Dr. David Agus, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-long-term-and-short-term-implications\">Long-term and short-term implications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>From a clinical perspective, this technology could eventually lead to a number of positive impacts. In a developed country such as the U.S., it could reduce the cost of care and the time it takes to initiate breast cancer treatment, because it uses much less expensive imaging technology and automated decision-making. It could also improve accuracy and deliver better outcomes for patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In developing countries where there is limited access to IHC staining, it could have a big impact in terms of broadening access to treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The immediate effect of this work is to lay a foundation for future studies to compare the clinical workflow of a pathologist with and without this type of AI, in order to better understand its full potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Agus says that, \u201cThis is just the tip of the iceberg with what we\u2019re going to be able to do with AI in cancer care. It\u2019s just a pilot project to show what\u2019s doable. Now, we can get deeper and deeper, and I can envisage a day not too far away, when just by looking at a slide, I can tell, with the help of AI, tell somebody \u2018you\u2019re going to get Drug X and not Drug Y because of how the cells are arranged\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Esteva, one of the most exciting things about this project is that it has shown how AI can do more than just mimic the role of a doctor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat we&#8217;re doing here is actually training AI to do something that the physician can&#8217;t do, as an added capability to their repertoire. The AI can see patterns that are essentially invisible to the physician, and potentially critical for the patient.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AI could ultimately also have a positive impact on the doctor-patient relationship. With access to&nbsp;AI-powered insights, doctors could have more informed conversations with their patients at an early stage in their treatment path, giving them a fuller, data-driven picture of what may lie ahead in terms of treatment and therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-moving-into-the-future\">Moving into the future<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>What gets me really excited is thinking, \u2018where is this going to go in the next five or 10 years?\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<cite>Andre Esteva, Head of Medical AI, Salesforce Research<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Esteva is keen to stress that AI will help augment the role of a doctor, not replace it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat gets me really excited is thinking, \u2018where is this going to go in the next five or 10 years?\u2019 Unfortunately, many of us can relate to situations where someone we love was given the wrong therapy or misdiagnosed. You end up asking yourself how their lives could have been different if a slightly better decision was made. A single moment can have a ripple effect in a patient&#8217;s life for years or decades.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPhysicians should be able to make the best possible decisions based on all available medical knowledge. If you can build AI that can help doctors make the right decisions, by harnessing the collective intelligence of physicians and medical data, that\u2019s incredibly powerful.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Agus adds, \u201cAI and machine learning are going to herald a new era, with potential to be applied to diseases beyond cancer and ultimately create better outcomes for patients. It won&#8217;t happen overnight, and it will be a slow, step-by-step process, but we&#8217;re embarking on a journey over the next decade to improve every aspect of what we do, through data. That&#8217;s really exciting.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Go Deeper:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Learn more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/products\/einstein-ai-solutions\/?d=cta-body-promo-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Salesforce AI solutions<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find all the news from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/collections\/dreamforce-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dreamforce 2023<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Go <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/ai-data-crm-media-resource\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> for Salesforce AI media resources<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See how Salesforce AI Rresearch works with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/stories\/generative-ai-protein-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">generative AI as a force for good<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Read<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/stories\/generative-ai-guidelines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> 5 guidelines<\/a> for responsible generative AI use<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Editor&#8217;s Note: This story was updated in September 2023 to keep it fresh. Imagine being a doctor and having a precocious resident permanently by your side, giving you brilliant insight into disease and helping you to identify the best treatment path for your patients. A team at Salesforce Research believes this scenario is closer to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":115,"featured_media":43311,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sf_subhead":"","sf_i18n_disclaimer":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"alternateThumbnailId":0,"sf_product_cta_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"sf_content_type":[1730],"sf_theme":[1916,1914],"sf_topic":[1737,1763,1733,2290],"sf_product":[],"sf_industry":[],"sf_role":[],"sf_multimedia_asset":[],"sf_location":[1724],"sf_collection":[],"sf_visibility":[],"coauthors":[1951],"class_list":["post-43233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","sf_content_type-feature-stories","sf_theme-artificial-intelligence","sf_theme-business-as-a-platform-for-change","sf_topic-artificial-intelligence","sf_topic-innovation","sf_topic-stakeholder-capitalism","sf_topic-technology-ethics","sf_location-amer"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AI at Work: How Salesforce AI Could Make Therapeutic Decision-Making for Breast Cancer More Accurate, Affordable and Accessible - Salesforce<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Editor&#039;s Note: This story was updated in September 2023 to keep it fresh. Breast cancer affects 1\/8 women in the USA, and rates of breast cancer are\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salesforce.com\/news\/stories\/salesforce-ai-breast-cancer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AI at Work: How Salesforce AI Could Make Therapeutic Decision-Making for Breast Cancer More Accurate, Affordable and Accessible\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Editor&#039;s Note: This story was updated in September 2023 to keep it fresh. 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